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Graduately/content/anglictina/3-rocnik/01-jak-se-to-vyrabi.md
pepaskopec-blip c3bc32113b Build all apps from Markdown content; Compose Desktop replaces GTK on Linux and Windows 
- content/ + scripts/build-content.py produce content.json for every app
- stable lesson IDs with one-time progress migration (Swift, Kotlin)
- shared answer-check tests (tests/answers.json) for Kotlin and Swift
- android/desktop: Compose app with updater, speech and GTK progress import
- CI packages AppImage and Windows zip with ProGuard, runs the tests

Co-authored-by: Cursor <cursoragent@cursor.com>
2026-10-09 20:40:37 +02:00

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id puvodni nazev popis
anglictina-3-jak-se-to-vyrabi en.3.1 Jak se to vyrábí Trpný rod v přítomnosti a minulosti. Doplňování a kvíz.

Výklad

Když je důležitější děj než původce

Passive

  • English is spoken here. The window was broken last night.
  • Původce s by, jen když na něm záleží: The book was written by a nurse.
  • Modální trpný rod: The form must be signed. It can be recycled.
  • Nelze trpně vyjádřit každé sloveso. Happen trpný rod nemá.

Tip: be + příčestí. Čas nese sloveso be, ne příčestí.

Od suroviny k věci

Popis procesu

  • The beans are picked by hand. They are dried in the sun.
  • The jars were labelled yesterday.
  • Waste paper is collected every Thursday.
  • A new bridge is being built. To už je průběhový trpný rod, zatím stačí ho poznat.

Tip: first, then, after that, finally. Původce často chybí, protože je obecný.

Doplňování

This bread ___ (bake) every morning.

= is baked

Přítomný trpný rod.

The letters ___ (send) yesterday.

= were sent

Minulý trpný rod, množné číslo.

The poem ___ (write) by a student.

= was written

Write → written.

These bottles can ___ (recycle).

= be recycled

Modální sloveso + be + příčestí.

The window ___ (not break) by the wind. Someone hit it.

= wasn't broken|was not broken

Zápor minulého trpného rodu.

Kvíz

Which sentence is passive?

  • Someone stole my bike.
  • My bike was stolen.
  • My bike stole.
  • Someone was steal my bike.

was + stolen.

The news ___ at ten.

  • is reading
  • are read
  • is read
  • read

News je jednotné: is read.

You ___ wear a badge. The factory requires it, in the passive of must.

  • must be worn a badge
  • A badge must be worn
  • A badge must worn
  • A badge is must wear

A badge must be worn.

They built the school in 1998. → The school ___ in 1998.

  • built
  • was built
  • was build
  • has built

was built.