---
id: anglictina-3-jak-se-to-vyrabi
puvodni: en.3.1
nazev: Jak se to vyrábí
popis: Trpný rod v přítomnosti a minulosti. Doplňování a kvíz.
---

# Výklad

## Když je důležitější děj než původce
*Passive*

- English is spoken here. The window was broken last night.
- Původce s by, jen když na něm záleží: The book was written by a nurse.
- Modální trpný rod: The form must be signed. It can be recycled.
- Nelze trpně vyjádřit každé sloveso. Happen trpný rod nemá.

> Tip: be + příčestí. Čas nese sloveso be, ne příčestí.

## Od suroviny k věci
*Popis procesu*

- The beans are picked by hand. They are dried in the sun.
- The jars were labelled yesterday.
- Waste paper is collected every Thursday.
- A new bridge is being built. To už je průběhový trpný rod, zatím stačí ho poznat.

> Tip: first, then, after that, finally. Původce často chybí, protože je obecný.


# Doplňování

## This bread ___ (bake) every morning.
= is baked
> Přítomný trpný rod.

## The letters ___ (send) yesterday.
= were sent
> Minulý trpný rod, množné číslo.

## The poem ___ (write) by a student.
= was written
> Write → written.

## These bottles can ___ (recycle).
= be recycled
> Modální sloveso + be + příčestí.

## The window ___ (not break) by the wind. Someone hit it.
= wasn't broken|was not broken
> Zápor minulého trpného rodu.


# Kvíz

## Which sentence is passive?
- Someone stole my bike.
- [x] My bike was stolen.
- My bike stole.
- Someone was steal my bike.
> was + stolen.

## The news ___ at ten.
- is reading
- are read
- [x] is read
- read
> News je jednotné: is read.

## You ___ wear a badge. The factory requires it, in the passive of must.
- must be worn a badge
- [x] A badge must be worn
- A badge must worn
- A badge is must wear
> A badge must be worn.

## They built the school in 1998. → The school ___ in 1998.
- built
- [x] was built
- was build
- has built
> was built.